How are Computer Graphics (CG) Rendered?

An overview of how computer graphics are rendered in augmented reality (A/R), virtual reality (V/R), mixed reality (M/R) and spatial computing.

Oscar de la Hera Gomez
Written by Oscar de la Hera Gomez
First published on 03/21/2024 at 12:23
Last Updated on 03/26/2024 at 15:01
<p>A flower that represents spatial computing with the text "How Computer Graphics<br />(CG) are Rendered" beneath it.</p>

An overview of how computer graphics are rendered in augmented reality (A/R), virtual reality (V/R), mixed reality (M/R) and spatial computing.

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<p>A diagram of a render pipeline with 6 stages: input, vertex shader, primitive assembly, rasterization, fragment shader and frame buffer.</p>

An example of a render pipeline.

A computer renders environments, scenes and objects (i.e. geometries or models) through software that passes information through a render pipeline that:

  • Takes in vertices (i.e. the input).
  • Assembles and projects the vertices into space through a vertex shader.
  • Converts the vertices into a series of dots and lines (i.e. primitive assembly)
  • Converts the primitive assembly into a series of pixels (i.e. rasterization).
  • Applies color and styling to the pixels, dots and lines through a fragment shader.
  • Presents the visual on a screen through a frame buffer.

To learn more about models, objects and geometries, consult the links below.

What are Geometries in Spatial Computing?What are Models in Spatial Computing?What are Objects in Spatial Computing?

To learn more about the fundamental elements behind models, objects and geometries, consult the links below.

<p>An image that shows how vertices become edges, which define faces, which create polygons that have surfaces and combined, produce a model or a geometry.</p>

How models, geometries are constructed.

What is a Mesh in Spatial Computing?What are Vertices in Spatial Computing?What are Edges in Spatial Computing?What are Faces in Spatial Computing?What are Polygons in Spatial Computing?What are Surfaces in Spatial Computing?

To learn more about what it takes to generate visually appealing or photo-realistic models, objects and geometries, consult the links below.

What is Physically Based Rendering (PBR)?What is Texture Mapping in Spatial Computing?What are Materials in Spatial Computing?What is a Texture in Spatial Computing?What is a Polygon Count?What is UV Mapping in Spatial Computing?What are UV Coordinates in Spatial Computing?

To learn more about shaders, consult the links below.

What is a Shader?What is a Vertex Shader?What is a Fragment Shader?What are Uniform Variables in Shaders?What are Varying or In/Out Variables in Shaders?What are Attributes in Shaders?

Looking to learn more about Technology, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality or Spatial Computing?

Search our blog to find educational content on technology, A/R, V/R, M/R and spatial computing.

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